While arbitrary detention was a longstanding practice in Syria, it grew more common during the nearly 14-year-long civil war. People were kept in dark cells, unaware of why they were detained, what happened to their families, and if they would ever be released. They could spend years being subjected to ill treatment under custody, without a trial or investigation.
This changed in December 2024, when the fall of the former Syrian government led to the opening of prison gates. As survivors left detention centres, it was evident they needed medical treatment for all they had suffered, including systematic abuse, neglect, and torture.
“I was taken to solitary confinement while my daughters were locked in another cell. I knew nothing about them,” says Suha*, a 50-year-old woman who was detained in 2018 without charge and held for six years. “I didn’t care about the beatings I took, hoping that when the beating stopped, I would find out the fate of my daughters.”
Suha, like hundreds of prisoners and detainees, was granted her freedom and came out of prison at the end of 2024. Many survivors spent years in detention under harsh conditions. They were deprived of proper food and medical care, and exposed to endless cycles of physical and psychological ill treatment, as reported to Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) medical and mental health teams.
In response to their huge medical and mental health needs, MSF teams launched a programme for survivors of ill treatment in Syria. The programme was piloted in MSF’s existing project in Idlib governorate. MSF then opened a dedicated clinic in Damascus, located inside Al-Mujtahid hospital, and later introduced the programme in Kafr Batna in eastern Ghouta, where most of our patients come from. The area was historically an opposition area, and was besieged and heavily bombarded.
The clinic for survivors of ill treatment offers general medical consultations with referrals to specialised care, psychosocial support, and social work services which link patients to non-medical assistance through local organisations and associations who offer support beyond the scope of MSF’s services.
“The mental health ramifications of detainment in Syria are quite alarming,” says Laura Guardiola, MSF’s medical adviser in Damascus. “Being detained under unimaginable conditions of ill treatment that amount to physical and psychological torture has left deep and lasting wounds on former detainees and prisoners: wounds that require time, support, and care to begin healing.”
Being detained under unimaginable conditions of ill treatment that amount to physical and psychological torture has left deep and lasting wounds on former detainees and prisoners: wounds that require time, support, and care to begin healing.Laura Guardiola, MSF’s medical adviser in Damascus
MSF is working on reaching more women, as the low number of female patients in our cohort is worrying. Even fewer children are seeking treatment. Less than 15 per cent of the consultations were with a female patient in the first two months of the clinic’s activities in Damascus. Several female former detainees have survived sexual violence during detention, which might prevent them from seeking support, mainly due to stigma.
While people left the security branches and prisons where they were detained, they are reminded of their horrific experiences in their daily lives, which makes reintegration in society challenging. Suha talks about how she will never forget the Mezzeh tunnel in Damascus, which is where she realised she was not going to be returned to her home unharmed.
“That tunnel absolutely had no light at its end,” she says. “I often think of revenge. Abnormal reactions to normal actions have become my norm. I do not want feelings of hatred and bitterness to overcome me. I would like to rid myself of all that my experience left in me.”
Suha is one of 113 patients in our cohort of survivors of ill treatment across the three locations. She is following up with our survivors of ill treatment team, and though there will be a long road ahead, she is beginning to heal from all she was subjected to. Our team believes her strong will to live, though shaken during her detention, never went away, and she is restarting her life for the sake of her daughters.
*Name changed.